ABSTRACT
Durante a trajetória na prática clínica e na pesquisa, o médico, professor e pesquisador Airton Tetelbom Stein compreendeu que para ser um bom médico é necessário um embasamento científico aprofundado. Em entrevista à Reciis, Stein discute sobre o conceito de Saúde Baseada em Evidências (SBE) na sua relevância de integrar as melhores evidências com a experiência clínica e os valores e as preferências do paciente. A partir da sua experiência na Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC), Stein enfatiza que epidemias e pandemias, como a da covid-19, revelam o impacto das mudanças climáticas na saúde da população. Ressalta que um dos pilares da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é o entendimento sobre as causas do surgimento das doenças no âmbito populacional. Nesse sentido, nas dinâmicas sociais, sobretudo as midiáticas acerca da covid-19, o pesquisador esclarece que as decisões sobre o tratamento precoce, sobre tomar ou não a vacina, dizem respeito à valorização de pressupostos baseados em informações não sistematizadas em detrimento de metodologias robustas, referem-se às decisões individuais que impactam na saúde da população. "As pessoas que têm se negado a realizar a vacinação precisam entender que isso não é apenas uma liberdade individual". Airton Tetelbom Stein é professor titular da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) e médico da família e comunidade do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição.
During his trajectory in clinical practice and in research, the physician, professor and researcher Airton Tetelbom Stein understood that, in order to be a good doctor, a deep scientific foundation is necessary. In an interview with Reciis, Stein discusses the concept of Evidence-Based Health in its relevance to integrate the best evidence with clinical experience and patients' values and preferences. Based on his experience in Family Practice, Stein emphasizes that epidemics and pandemics, such as covid-19, reveal the impact of climate change on the population's health. He also emphasizes that one of the pillars of Primary Health Care is the understanding of the causes of the emergence of diseases within the population. In this sense, in social dynamics, especially the mediatic dynamics about covid-19, Stein clarifies that decisions about early treatment, whether to vaccinate or not, concern the valuation of assumptions based on non-systematized information to the detriment of robust methodologies, refer to individual decisions that impact the health of the population. "People who have refused to vaccinate need to understand that this is not just a matter of individual freedom." Airton Tetelbom Stein is full professor of Public Health at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) and a family practice physician at Conceição Hospital Group.
Durante su trayectoria en la práctica clínica y la investigación, el médico, profesor e investigador Airton Tetelbom Stein comprendió que, para ser un buen médico, es necesaria una base científica profunda. En entrevista a Reciis, Stein analiza el concepto de Salud Basada en Evidencias (SBE) en su relevancia para integrar la mejor evidencia con la experiencia clínica y los valores y preferencias del paciente. Basado en su experiencia en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFC), Stein enfatiza que las epidemias y pandemias, como covid-19, revelan el impacto del cambio climático en la salud de la población. Destaca que uno de los pilares de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) es la comprensión de las causas de la aparición de enfermedades en el ámbito poblacional. En este sentido, en dinámica social, especialmente en los medios de comunicación sobre covid-19, Stein aclara que las decisiones sobre el tratamiento temprano, la decisión de vacunarse o no, tienen que ver con la valoración de supuestos basados en información no sistematizada en detrimento de metodologías robustas, se refieren a decisiones individuales que impactan en la salud de la población. "Las personas que se han negado a vacinarse deben comprender que esto no es solo una cuestión de libertad individual". Airton Tetelbom Stein es profesor de salud colectiva en la Universidad Federal de Ciencias de la Salud de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) y médico de familia y comunidad en Grupo Hospitalar Conceição.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Environmental Health , Evidence-Based Practice , Pandemics , Communication , Earth, Planet , EpidemicsABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: This article aimed to provide to the authors a summary of the methodological approach to prepare a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The instructions were established to support authors in preparing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, according to the required recommendations. Conclusion: The researchers should keep in mind that conduct a systematic review involves rigorous methodological criteria to identify and synthesize all relevant studies on a given topic defined a priori.
Subject(s)
Meta-Analysis as Topic , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are at increased risk of infection. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for IMID present higher risk of worse outcomes when diagnosed with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Rapid systematic review conducted in the medical school of the Federal University of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science, L·OVE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO-ICTRP for studies evaluating patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were undergoing pharmacological treatment for IMID. Two authors selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence, following the Cochrane recommendations. RESULTS: We identified 1,498 references, from which one cohort study was included. This compared patients with and without rheumatic diseases (RD) who all had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Those with RD seemed to have higher chances of hospitalization and mortality, but no statistical difference was detected between the groups: hospitalization: odds ratio (OR) 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 2.29; mortality rate: OR 1.53; 95% CI 0.33 to 7.11 (very low certainty of evidence). Patients with RD were three times more likely to require admission to intensive care units (ICUs), with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), than those without RD: OR 3.72; 95% CI 1.35 to 10.26 (for both outcomes; very low certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for IMID seem to present higher chances of requiring admission to ICUs, with IMV. Additional high-quality studies are needed to analyze the effects of different treatments for IMID.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , COVID-19 , Brazil , Cohort Studies , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Health librarians in the role of a knowledge broker can encourage health care workers to use evidence based health information. The knowledge broker role is an intervention dedicated to translating knowledge into action originating from the evidence-based medicine campaign. The Chitambo Emergency Care Communications Project through its knowledge component work strand has visualisations of converting knowledge into action to improve emergency care response by health workers, through the implementation of the knowledge broker role for health care workers in Chitambo district, Central Zambia. Implementation of the knowledge broker activity for Chitambo adopted a framework purposefully designed to build capacity for health librarians by the National Health Service Education for Scotland. The knowledge to action model can be useful in providing the relevant information to improve patient outcomes for healthcare workers. These knowledge gaps can be alleviated by knowledge brokering as it straddles through any knowledge gaps between the health workers' knowledge and their service delivery practice.
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Librarians , Knowledge , Delivery of Health Care , Evidence-Based Practice , Libraries, Medical , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Emergency Medical ServicesABSTRACT
@#<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Current international recommendations in generating and using evidence in Health Research Priority Setting (HRPS) include the use of systematic reviews, and systematic or scientific situational analysis. In the Philippines, the Philippine National Health Research System's (PNHRS) National Guidelines for Health Research Prioritization recommends the use of either a Combined Approach Matrix (CAM) or situational analysis in generating and using evidence for HRPS. At present, there is a lack of a gold standard in generating and utilizing evidence in HRPS.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>The primary objective of this paper is to document a practical yet alternative/innovative approach on how evidence was generated and utilized in the process of HRPS as observed in the development of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) in the Philippines. Specifically, it identifies the types of knowledge products produced and their role in the process of health research agenda setting; how evidence was used and managed in the course of NUHRA development; and, the lessons learned from the experience.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This case study is descriptive of the experience of generating and utilizing evidence for HRPS in the Philippines. The study utilized primary and secondary data. Knowledge Management (KM) was used as a lens to describe the process of generating and managing information for the NUHRA. Document analysis was used in comparing and aligning data with the integrated KM framework.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Pre-selected data were captured and created; shared and disseminated; and subsequently acquired and applied voluntarily by stakeholders during the process of HRPS. Relevant data was presented into various information products designed with a specific stakeholder in mind. Technical papers were developed to cater to national level stakeholders and focused on broad, nationally-relevant issues. Regional situational analysis reports focused on regional and local data and were designed for regional stakeholders to use during the development of Regional Unified Health Research Agenda (RUHRA). Infographics were developed to present the findings of the technical papers creatively and concisely and the NUHRA methodology and were presented to both national and regional stakeholders. The RUHRAs and the NUHRA were the outputs of the health research prioritization activities and will be made available through local and national channels of the PNHRS.</p><p><strong>RECOMMENDATIONS:</strong> Opportunities for formalization and institutionalization of knowledge management for generating and using evidence in HRPS may be explored to address health information fragmentation across the health research system.</p>
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Health Information Systems , Knowledge ManagementABSTRACT
Evidence-based public health (EBPH) is defined as public health decision-making based on current best evidence. Debates about the latent tuberculosis infection control program suggested by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017 highlight the need to promote EBPH. Three strategies have been proposed, including providing necessary evidence by evaluating policy-evidence gaps; delivering high-quality, relevant, and timely evidence by conducting systematic reviews and adapting public health guidelines; and making value-driven decisions by training and educating public health policymakers.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Evidence-Based Medicine , Evidence-Based Practice , Health Policy , Korea , Latent Tuberculosis , Public HealthABSTRACT
Evidence-based public health (EBPH) is defined as public health decision-making based on current best evidence. Debates about the latent tuberculosis infection control program suggested by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017 highlight the need to promote EBPH. Three strategies have been proposed, including providing necessary evidence by evaluating policy-evidence gaps; delivering high-quality, relevant, and timely evidence by conducting systematic reviews and adapting public health guidelines; and making value-driven decisions by training and educating public health policymakers.
Subject(s)
Decision Making , Evidence-Based Medicine , Evidence-Based Practice , Health Policy , Korea , Latent Tuberculosis , Public HealthABSTRACT
Objective To study the influence of evidence-based health education in improving the ability of daily life and nursing satisfaction of patients.Methods A total of 80 schizophrenic patients were randomly divided into a control group (40 persons) and an experimental group (40 persons).The health education of routine ways was adopted on the control group.As for the experimental group,we posed questions,collected related literature and evidence through evidence-based support,set the health education based on the actual situation for individual and adjusted flexibly according to the affect of the health education during practice process.Two groups of patients were assessed by daily activity scale,positive and negative symptom scale weekly.We use questionnaire to compare with the satisfaction of two groups for patients when they left hospitals,including the disease-related knowledge,the satisfaction of the ways of the health education,the satisfaction of nurses.Using SPSS 18.0,the data between two groups were compared by t test,or Z test,or chi square test.Results After the implementation of evidence-based health education,the experimental group started at the second week,the PANSS scale score was lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The score of experimental group'ADL scale compared with control group reached normal level in the third week and had statistic significance,P＜0.05.The questionnaire results showed that the average score of disease related knowledge and the average score of health education methods were higher in the experimental group than in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the evaluation of the most satisfactory nurses,patients' satisfaction in experimental group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=16.56,P=0.000).Conclusion The implementation of evidence-based health education for patients with schizophrenia can effectively improve their daily living ability,improve their mastery of disease-related knowledge and satisfaction with nursing.
ABSTRACT
Over-the-counter medicines are available without prescription because of their safety and effectiveness, to treat minor ailments and symptoms. The objective of the study was to analyze the availability and quality of systematic reviews published about nonprescription medicines, identifying the groups for which there are gaps in evidence. We identified published articles through the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and MEDLINE, from the start of the database until May 2012, using the search terms "nonprescription drugs," "over the counter," and "OTC." We searched for articles that describe systematic reviews addressing the efficacy and safety of drugs dispensed without a prescription, according to the lists published by the Association of the European Self-Medication Industry and in Brazil, in the clinical conditions listed in Groups and Specified Therapeutic Indications. We included 49 articles, 18 articles were of moderate quality and 31 of high quality. Of the studies, 74.5% demonstrated efficacy in favor of the use of drugs evaluated. Of the 24 studies that evaluated safety, 21% showed evidence unfavorable to the drug. Overall, the evidence found in the studies included in the overview is favorable to the use of the drugs evaluated. However, there are gaps in evidence for some therapy groups...
Os medicamentos isentos de prescrição são disponíveis sem prescrição médica devido a sua efetividade e segurança, para tratar sintomas e males menores. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a disponibilidade e qualidade das revisões sistemáticas publicadas sobre medicamentos isentos de prescrição, identificando os grupos para os quais há lacunas de evidência. Foram identificados artigos publicados através da